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Wong, Ph.D. ÞIP^ ZSX Licensed Clinical Psychologist ChristianMentalHealth.com 220 Montgomery Street, Suite 1098, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. (`N o) F2@(#F (c*c& ,0$!c&c(c$  2 <4*Dispelling Common Myths Overview of Myths.+6>"t10% Myth: that 10% of population is homosexual  48 Homosexuality is not a mental illness (DSM) 73 Brain dissection of cadavers: Dr. Simon LeVey,  91 Twin studies: Drs. Bailey & Pillard,  91  Gay Gene : Dr. Dean Hamer,  93 Science  Immutability &  Sexual minority perspective Homosexuals are a  Deprived minority group Homosexual  love is a committed, monogamous Homosexuals are  chic , youthful & healthy AIDS is not a homosexual diseaseP(FP3/3)  /,,N=5^Dispelling Common Myths  Political Correctness "06 NHomosexuals are born not made: An  ethnic quality Homosexuals can t change If you don t accept; you re homophobic 10% of population is destined to be homosexuals Homosexuality as another life-style & is healthy& harmless: Physically, Emotionally & Spiritually? That sexuality, like a rainbow, is a continuum Sin of Sodom is not about homosexuality Biblical condemnation on homosexuality is not the same as we know it today3ZF'F0PcZ/PsF2 &0c.t >6* Ten-Percent Project Ten in schools Kinsey, A.C, Pomeroy W.B., & Martin, C.E., Sexual Behavior in the Human Male 1948 Philadelphia:W.B.Saunders Co.:&'+!$Allegedly Kinsey was believed to have been an advocate & promoter of homosexuality Homosexual activists claim a consistent 10% across time & cultures, which they offer as supportive evidence that homosexuality is biologically based -------------------------------------------------  If this condition is genetic & since most homosexuals do not reproduce, there should be a gradual decrease of instances of this condition, & not an increase Yen, R., MD, PhD "No Need Of Any More Social Experimentation With Our Military, An Open Letter to President Clinton," Challenger, Vol 32, No. 4. April 1993TZP2PPZT 1v  ?7.Homosexuality is not a mental illness (DSM-IV)//~American Psychiatric Association deleted homosexuality from its official Diagnostic & Statistical Manual in 1973 By implication their action declared homosexuality to be "a normal form of sexual life (There was no explicit statement) This was a decision voted on by committee members that passed with a very narrow margin. Many observed there were intimidation tactics & moving personal testimonies This was a political decision & not scientific or medical Wide dissension among mental health professionals about treatability of homosexuality:(Political intolerance present)F@p X!VLCGWhat does the DSM-IV say about Gender Identity Disorder & Homosexuality"H() " GWhat does the DSM-IV say about Gender Identity Disorder & Homosexuality"H()  By late adolescence or adulthood, about three-quarters of boys who had a childhood history of Gender Identity Disorder report a homosexual or bisexual orientation, but without concurrent Gender Identity Disorder.  Most of the remainder report a heterosexual orientation, also without concurrent Gender Identity Disorder. (E m"@8DHomosexuality is normal, biologically determined & cannot be changedEPE$There is no scientific research indicating a physiological cause for homosexuality Biological factors, as yet unknown, may play a role in the predisposition to homosexuality Research most strongly suggests that individuals are likely to become homosexual when subjected to childhood trauma & disturbances in family structure E.g. Problems in early family relationships, sexual seduction, emotional conflict, & sense of inadequacy with same-sex peers, with resulting disturbance in gender identity0A9Comments from a geneticist & anesthesiologist Yen, R., MD, PhD "No Need Of Any More Social Experimentation With Our Military, An Open Letter to President Clinton," Challenger, Vol 32, No. 4. April 1993R-v  "Obviously, these people could not be here if both parents were homosexual. Two sperms cannot make a baby. If a gay man wants to have a baby, he will need a partner of the opposite sex. Since lesbians prefer females as sex partners, the gay man will need the help of a heterosexual female. Therefore, half of the baby's genes come from a hetero-sexual. It is clear, then, if there are genes that determine homosexuality, 50% of them will be lost in one generation. No genes can long survive this kind of Darwinian attrition. If homosexuality is based on the passing of "homosexual genes" from one generation to another, gays & lesbians would long have become extinct."B:Brain Dissection Studies: Dr. Simon LeVay LeVay, S., " A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual & Homosexual Men," Science, 253:1034-1037, 1991:*"\Neurobiologist & homosexual activist, he studied 41 cadavers He focused on a tiny region of the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that regulates body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate & hormone production. It is also "the chief coordinator of instinct & drives," including sex drive. INAH-3 (the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypo-thalamus), no bigger than a grain of sand. Speculating that the INAH-3 controls sexual orientation, he compared the brains of 19 homosexuals with those of 16 "presumed heterosexual men" & 6 "presumed heterosexual" women INAH-3 region in females & homosexuals tended to be only half the size of that in heterosexualsZC;Brain Dissection Studies: Dr. Simon LeVay LeVay, S., " A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual & Homosexual Men," Science, 253:1034-1037, 1991:*"\Size of INAH-3 is so small it is difficult to measure. In addition, it does not have clear boundaries, therefore it is hard to tell where it begins & where it ends. So the measurements of the same INAH-3 in a cadaver may be different from one researcher to another Here it is important to note that LeVay may not have been an objective researcher since he is a homosexual "looking for support that homosexuality is inborn." It would have been a lot better in the research design to use at least two observers who do not know the intent of this study to make measurements of the same INAH-3 to see if they agree. When measurements agree, then the data will be included in the statistical analysis to test the hypothesis ZD<Brain Dissection Studies: Dr. Simon LeVay LeVay, S., " A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual & Homosexual Men," Science, 253:1034-1037, 1991:*"\Sexual orientation of his cadavers can be confusing because LeVay relied on medical records that are un-reliable in identifying homosexuals versus heterosexuals. So what he thought as homosexual may be heterosexual & vice versa Even if there were definitive identifiers to separate a homosexual from a heterosexual, the definition of what made a person homosexual needed clarifying. If a man had one homosexual contact in his life-time does that make this man homosexual? For how long does a person have to practice the homosexual life-style before he or she be admitted as homosexual? How does the duration of this homosexual practice influence the dimension of INAH-3? Does it affect male homosexuals differently than females?2Z]Z]E= Twin Study Bailey, J. M. & Pillard, R. C., "A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation." Archives of General Psychiatry, 48:1089-1096, 19918N9Professors at North-Western & Boston Universities Recruited 161 bisexual or homosexual men with at least one male sibling & then interviewed them to see how many brothers were also homosexual Found 52% of identical twins were both homosexuals, compared with only 22% of fraternal twins & 11% of adoptive brothers.:Z1F>QSexual Orientation & Identical Twins Tim Wilkins, The Cross Examiner, March 1998 :R%' Questionable subject recruitment method: ad in homosexual magazines; concordant (both homosexual) twins respond more than discordant (1 homosexual, other not) twins. Alleged claim: Non-responding twin was homosexual. Same-sex Twin Sexual Experimentation: King & McDonald  Homosexuals Who are Twins: A study of 46 Probands British Journal of Psychiatry, 1992. 1/5 same-sex twins had sex with one another. Same room, same bed. 100% Genetic Similarity = 100% Incidence Rate: Identical twins share identical genetic material, when 1 twin is homosexual, the other twin should always be homosexualHQCG?< Gay Gene Research D. H. Hamer et al,  A Linkage Between DNA Markers on the X-chromosome & Male Sexual Orientation, Science (1993), 261, np. 5119, pp.321-278b" Research Points Toward a Gay Gene, Wall Street Journal, 16, July 1993 A geneticist was quoted,  the gene& may be involved in something other than sexual behavior. For example, it may be that the supposed gene is  associated with homosexuality, rather than a  cause of it. New York Times  Report Suggests homosexuality is Linked to Genes, noted that other researchers warned against over-interpreting the work,  or taking it to mean anything as simplistic as that he  gay gene had been found. HPZZ%""";3 The Personality of Genes J. Madeleine Nash, Time, April 27, 1998 p. 60-61 DM0 Unlike the genes that are responsible for physical traits, Hamer emphasizes, these genes do not cause people to become homosexuals,  Still, as critics emphasize & Hamer himself acknowledges, genes alone do not control the chemistry of the brain. Ultimately, it is the environment that determines how these genes will express themselves.  Indeed, while Hamer has maintained a professional distance from his studies, it is impossible to believe he is not also driven by a desire for self-discovery. (He turned 40,  bored )  He has tried to stop smoking & failed, he confesses, dozens of times.  If I quit, he says,  it will be an exercise of character. and not, it goes without saying, of his genes. 2ZTH@*Problems: Genetic Studies on Homosexuality++ Too Small Sample Size Biased Subject Selection (Randomization problem) Lack of a Control Group Correlation does not mean causation Flawed comparison of disparate features Exaggeration of findings Ideologically influenced designs & reporting Statistically significant correlation not  Cause Unable to Replicate Findings in other studies pP2P/P1}-2-IA$Studies prove: homosexuals are born?%%'n There is no evidence at present to substantiate a biological theory& The appeal of current biological explanations for sexual orientation may derive more from a dissatisfaction with the present status of psychosocial explanations than from a substantiating body of experimental data. William Byne & Bruce Parsons, Human Sexual Orientation: The Biologic Theories Reappraised, Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol 50, March 1993, pp 228-239$$P"!*+!&"+; JB+Homosexual Treatment is Inhumane & Immoral  ,*Electric Shock Treatment Electro-convulsive therapy for depression: Myths & realities It was first used as an experimental resort to treat depression It is consider controversial & ethically procedure It has been widely used before there was effective medication It is used currently in the SF bay area in very severe depressions only: such as severe vegetative states & suicides This may have been used in parts of Russia or China This methodology may be used by some psychologist for addictions Reparative Therapy It is a term to describe a treatment procedure/protocol It is counseling by talking, support & guidance: No physical contactsZ=ZZZ~Z =[@  8FlcKKey Homosexual IndicatorsSexual attraction Lustful thoughts Same sex fantasies during masturbation Same sex fantasies during heterosexual sex Yearning for romantic emotional intimacy Homosexual behavior with excitementZhP!Most Helpful or Only Type of Help""(iQSample Description jR r Time LinekSReasons for Wanting to ChangeqY5Assessment of Change in Sexual Orientation Indicators66GBEFORE: 12 months before change effort AFTER: past 12 months >HZ"rZ?Sexual Attraction Scale Mean (100 = same sex, 0 = opposite sex) @#(s[=Exclusively Homosexual BEFORE Exclusively Heterosexual AFTER>>(zboAFTER: Good Heterosexual Functioning in 33 Males Who Before Change Effort Were Extreme on Homosexual Indicators4pP0$?  No teenage opposite sex attraction Never had heterosexual sex Before: no heterosexual masturbatory fantasies Before: attraction 95+ (homosexual)Z{cYThree Variables in the 56 Subjects Having Regular Heterosexual Sex Both BEFORE and AFTERZZ|d` Markedly or  Extremely Bothered by Depression11}eHChange effort was  Very Helpful in& %%g@Also& Reported Change Strategies!!(Narratives linking childhood or family experiences to condition Building on an intense emotional relationship to effect change in sexual feelings Group or individual support Thought stopping Avoiding situations that triggered feelingsZh$What we conclude& 5Some highly motivated individuals through a variety of change efforts can make substantial changes in multiple indicators of sexual orientation and achieve good heterosexual function Subjects who made less substantial changes still believed that such changes were extremely beneficial Complete change uncommon6Z6i  Difficulty finding subjects suggests& Those rejected from study indicate that many who claim to have changed sexual orientation, have only changed identity and or behavior For these individuals, such limited change was experienced as substantial improvement >)X)X'kMisuse of Study ResultsOTo assume that it shows that homosexual orientation is changeable for most highly motivated individuals To dismiss the value to some conflicted homosexuals of a shift in sexual identity and unwanted sexual behavior, even when sexual orientation is not substantially changed To justify coercive treatment and the denial of civil rights 8OZZF/K #$%&()*,-Pb6  ` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> ph(    6 "P  T Click to edit Master title style! !$  0| "  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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O'P(3e  U A 9  (   l j   #"j   H9o ?"s  O81%(  @`  Hĸo ?"js  s)Gay life-style not emotionally satisfying* *  @`  H o ?"|  Y Female35% (   @`  Hxo ?"s |  XMale 67% (   @`  Hܗo ?"j|s  gDesire to get or stay married   @`  H؟o ?"s | O79%(  @`   Ho ?"js | \Religious conflict   @`B   Ngֳgֳ1 ?"jB   Ngֳgֳ1 ?"j||B   Ngֳgֳ1 ?"j  B   Ngֳgֳ1 ?"s s B  Ngֳgֳ1 ?" B  Ngֳgֳ1 ?"jj B  Ngֳgֳ1 ?"| B  N1 ?"j  s  ogֳgֳ ?(  o H  0޽h ? O'P(3e  D(  x  c $oGe  o   c $o0   o  H  0޽h ? O'P(3eP  x(  x  c $    0 HA ?rH $D 0 H  0޽h ? O'P(3e8 U `(  x  c $o  o  0 HA ?r  o  <|o ?"n C42%$>0 F2  <4o ?"S a C46%$>0 F2  <o ?"4   C17%$>0 F2  <o ?"/F C55%$>0 F2H  0޽h ? O'P(3e # g_,(  , , c $o,b<$ 0  o  , c $$o X  o   ,0 HA  ?0 1   ,  `og0eg0e ?";oP E67% $>0 F2H , 0޽h ? O'P(3ed  $    4 (  4 40 HA ?@K   o 4 s |ogֳgֳ ?0  o  4  `̮mg0eg0e ?"G {[  t4Satisfying emotional relationship (7+ on 1-10 scale)$5>0 F25  4  `mg0eg0e ?"1 | m-Sex physically satisfying (7+ on 1-10 scale)$.>0 F2. 4  `hmg0eg0e ?"  i)Often (20+% during sex think of same sex)$*>0 F2* 4 <8m ?"1 &  C25%$>0 F2 4 <m ?"# E C98%$>0 F2  4 <m ?"  C43%$>0 F2  4 <m ?"O E D100%$>0 F2  4 <m ?" C52%$>0 F2  4 <m ?"O Q&  B6%$>0 F2H 4 0޽h ? O'P(3ez %  <(  <x < c $ m  m  <0 HA ?r  m < <m ?"QHE C43%$>0 F2 < <pm ?" Q  C47%$>0 F2 < <m ?"  I  J 1% 4%$ >0 F2 H < 0޽h ? O'P(3e  & | t  D (  Dx D c $mp  m Th 0  D #"TT0  D Znmgֳgֳ ?"`b0  M93%  @`B D ZL;mgֳgֳ ?"b`  Z& developing nonsexual relations with same sex..  @` D Z   H 0 0޽h ? a(c0 |08(  8^ 8S    v 8c $ݳ @   p 56 subjects had regular heterosexual sex both BEFORE and AFTER, in almost all cases with the same person, their spouse. We looked at three variables. Satisfying emotional relationship (7+ on the 1 bad as it can be, -10 good as it can be scale) which went from 25% to 98%, Sex physically satisfying (7+ on the 1-10 scale) which went from 43 to 100%. Finally, often (20+%) during sex think of same sex, which went from 52 to 6%. These AFTER values are very similar to the values for these three variables on the 81 subjects having regular heterosexual sex AFTER but who had not had regular heterosexual sex BEFORE. ~yP70" F2 " 20" F2Py   H 8 0޽h ? a(d0 ~@@(  @^ @S    x @c $( @   Depression has been reported to be a common side effect of attempts to change sexual orientation. This certainly was not the case for our subjects, who were often  markedly or  extremely depressed BEFORE, and rarely so depressed AFTER. H @ 0޽h ? a(e0 H@PH(  H^ HS    : Hc $8 @   | During the pilot study we noted the common ways that subjects reported they had been helped by the change effort. This shows how often subjects reported these ways of being helped when asked close ended questions during the study. & feeling more [masculine, feminine] & developing nonsexual relations with same sex?? TH H 0޽h ? a(^ g0   `X(  X^ XS     Xc $Կ @   H In answer to the question,  How did you translate what you learned in the change effort to changing your feelings? subjects reported the following change strategies that are generally recognized in the literature as components of effective psychotherapy efforts: Narratives linking childhood or family experiences to sexual feelings. Building on an intense emotional relationship to effect change in sexual feelings, e.g., many men reported that they only developed heterosexual arousal after they became intensely emotionally involved with a women. Group or individual support, as in Exgay support groups. Thought stopping, e.g.,  when I get such thoughts, I don t go down that route. Avoiding situations that triggered homosexual feelings. These are techniques that are commonly considered effective in psychotherapy, lending plausibility to their claims. We can imagine the mechanisms by which these techniques might work. $LSH X 0޽h ? a(h0 d\p`(  `^ `S    V `c $tα @    We conclude that, contrary to conventional wisdom, some highly motivated individuals, using a variety of change efforts, can make substantial change in multiple indicators of sexual orientation and achieve good heterosexual functioning. Subjects that made less substantial changes still believed that such changes were extremely beneficial. Complete change  which is generally considered an unrealistic goal in psychotherapy  is uncommon, particularly in male subjects.  H ` 0޽h ? a(i0 h%(  h^ hS     hc $ձ @    Although therapists who do this kind of therapy claim similar results in approximately a third of patients that they treat, the difficulty finding subjects suggests the likelihood that the substantial changes reported by our subjects are relatively uncommon in all individuals who make a change effort. On the other hand, other factors, such as reluctance of subjects to be interviewed and resistance of therapists to contacting former clients may also have played a role in the difficulty that we experienced in finding 200 suitable subjects. The many potential subjects rejected from the study indicates that some individuals who claim to have changed sexual orientation, have changed only their identity or overt homosexual behavior. However for these individuals such limited change was experienced as substantial improvement as it fulfilled self-identified goals of behavioral control and a shift in identity, even though the change was less than they had wished for. H h 0޽h ? a(tk0 4,x(  x^ xS    & xc $ޱ @    We are concerned that about the misuse of our study results. The first is to assume that homosexual orientation is changeable for most highly motivated individuals. The second is to dismiss the value to some conflicted homosexuals of a shift in sexual identity and unwanted sexual behavior, even when sexual orientation is not substantially changed. The third is that the study results could be used to justify coercive treatment and the denial of civil rights to homosexuals. I end by recalling what several subjects said spontaneously.  I have no problem accepting that most gays have no interest in changing. I wish they could also acknowledge that I have a right to change, and that I have .  H x 0޽h ? a(T r0    (  ^ S      c $L @   > Here is the average time line  almost identical for men and women. There was, of course, great individual variability. The onset of sexual arousal to same sex was about 12 years. About 18 years later is the beginning of the change effort that they found helpful (often preceded by one or more change efforts that were not helpful..including, often, therapists who told them they had no choice but to accept their homosexuality). After two years into the change effort, they begin to feel different sexually. The vast majority of subjects reported this change as being gradual, and often starting with diminution of homosexual feelings and gradual emerging or intensification of heterosexual feelings. Three years later, after about five years of the change effort, it ends for 78% of the subjects. 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