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T'`b/f)Yubb_)Y Is Homosexuality in-born? Myths versus Reality 0Robert Spitzer '`PT9evg Copyright Melvin W. Wong, Ph.D. 1996-2003zP aa/`` a `, R  0     ,Melvin W. Wong, Ph.D. Licensed Clinical Psychologist ChristianMentalHealth.com 220 Montgomery St., Suite 1098, San Francisco, CA 94104 Tel (510) 794-8898 Fax (510) 475-1473F,< $(   ,$Studies prove: homosexuals are born?%%'n There is no evidence at present to substantiate a biological theory& The appeal of current biological explanations for sexual orientation may derive more from a dissatisfaction with the present status of psychosocial explanations than from a substantiating body of experimental data. William Byne & Bruce Parsons, Human Sexual Orientation: The Biologic Theories Reappraised, Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol 50, March 1993, pp 228-239$$P"!*+!&"+; < Gay Gene Research D. H. Hamer et al,  A Linkage Between DNA Markers on the X-chromosome & Male Sexual Orientation, Science (1993), 261, np. 5119, pp.321-278b" Research Points Toward a Gay Gene, Wall Street Journal, 16, July 1993 A geneticist was quoted,  the gene& may be involved in something other than sexual behavior. For example, it may be that the supposed gene is  associated with homosexuality, rather than a  cause of it. New York Times  Report Suggests homosexuality is Linked to Genes, noted that other researchers warned against over-interpreting the work,  or taking it to mean anything as simplistic as that he  gay gene had been found. HPZZ%""" The Personality of Genes J. Madeleine Nash, Time, April 27, 1998 p. 60-61 DM0 Unlike the genes that are responsible for physical traits, Hamer emphasizes, these genes do not cause people to become homosexuals,  Still, as critics emphasize & Hamer himself acknowledges, genes alone do not control the chemistry of the brain. Ultimately, it is the environment that determines how these genes will express themselves.  Indeed, while Hamer has maintained a professional distance from his studies, it is impossible to believe he is not also driven by a desire for self-discovery. (He turned 40,  bored )  He has tried to stop smoking & failed, he confesses, dozens of times.  If I quit, he says,  it will be an exercise of character. and not, it goes without saying, of his genes. 2ZTBrain Dissection Studies: Dr. Simon LeVay LeVay, S., " A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual & Homosexual Men," Science, 253:1034-1037, 1991:*"\Neurobiologist & homosexual activist, he studied 41 cadavers He focused on a tiny region of the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that regulates body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate & hormone production. It is also "the chief coordinator of instinct & drives," including sex drive. INAH-3 (the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypo-thalamus), no bigger than a grain of sand. Speculating that the INAH-3 controls sexual orientation, he compared the brains of 19 homosexuals with those of 16 "presumed heterosexual men" & 6 "presumed heterosexual" women INAH-3 region in females & homosexuals tended to be only half the size of that in heterosexualsZ Twin Study Bailey, J. M. & Pillard, R. C., "A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation." Archives of General Psychiatry, 48:1089-1096, 19918N9Professors at North-Western & Boston Universities Recruited 161 bisexual or homosexual men with at least one male sibling & then interviewed them to see how many brothers were also homosexual Found 52% of identical twins were both homosexuals, compared with only 22% of fraternal twins & 11% of adoptive brothers.:Z1QSexual Orientation & Identical Twins Tim Wilkins, The Cross Examiner, March 1998 :R%' Questionable subject recruitment method: ad in homosexual magazines; concordant (both homosexual) twins respond more than discordant (1 homosexual, other not) twins. Alleged claim: Non-responding twin was homosexual. Same-sex Twin Sexual Experimentation: King & McDonald  Homosexuals Who are Twins: A study of 46 Probands British Journal of Psychiatry, 1992. 1/5 same-sex twins had sex with one another. Same room, same bed. 100% Genetic Similarity = 100% Incidence Rate: Identical twins share identical genetic material, when 1 twin is homosexual, the other twin should always be homosexualHQC*Problems: Genetic Studies on Homosexuality++ Too Small Sample Size Biased Subject Selection (Randomization problem) Lack of a Control Group Correlation does not mean causation Flawed comparison of disparate features Exaggeration of findings Ideologically influenced designs & reporting Statistically significant correlation not  Cause Unable to Replicate Findings in other studies pP2P/P1}-2-_200 Subjects Who Claim to Have Changed Their Sexual Orientation from Homosexual to Heterosexual``(Robert L. Spitzer, M.D. Chief, Biometrics Research and Professor of Psychiatry, Columbia University 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 60, NYS Psychiatric Institute New York, NY 10032 (Presented at the APA: American Psychiatric Association Meeting: May 9, 2001, New Orleans, U.S.A.)TLc9ccc c?Sexual Attraction Scale Mean (100 = same sex, 0 = opposite sex) @#(=Exclusively Homosexual BEFORE Exclusively Heterosexual AFTER>>(YThree Variables in the 56 Subjects Having Regular Heterosexual Sex Both BEFORE and AFTERZZ` Markedly or  Extremely Bothered by Depression11HChange effort was  Very Helpful in& %%/-456789P  ` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>K0 *"(    6cL  P L  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0lL   L  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0TL  `` L  X*  0(L  `  L  Z*  0@;L  `  L  Z*N  6޽h ? Default Design 0 pX*(  X X 0D} P    X*  X 0T     Z* d X c $ ?   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O'P(3ey___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 5 pX`(  Xx X c $"    X0 HA p?r p  X <l ?"n C42%$>0 F2 X < N ?"S a C46%$>0 F2 X < ?"4   C17%$>0 F2 X <l  ?"/F C55%$>0 F2H X 0޽h ? O'P(3ey___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  6K0    ` (  ` `0 HA q?@K  q  ` s gֳgֳ ?0    `  `g0eg0e ?"G {[  t4Satisfying emotional relationship (7+ on 1-10 scale)$5>0 F25  `  `Tg0eg0e ?"1 | m-Sex physically satisfying (7+ on 1-10 scale)$.>0 F2. `  `(g0eg0e ?"  i)Often (20+% during sex think of same sex)$*>0 F2* ` <x ?"1 &  C25%$>0 F2 ` <ħ ?"# E C98%$>0 F2  ` < ?"  C43%$>0 F2  ` <\ ?"O E D100%$>0 F2  ` < ?" C52%$>0 F2  ` < ?"O Q&  B6%$>0 F2H ` 0޽h ? O'P(3ey___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + 7  h(  hx h c $[    h0 HA r?r r  h <t] ?"QHE C43%$>0 F2 h <|a ?" Q  C47%$>0 F2 h <d ?"  I  J 1% 4%$ >0 F2 H h 0޽h ? O'P(3ey___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +[  8  z  p (  px p c $ gp   Zn 0  p# #"TT0  p Z\mgֳgֳ ?"`b0  M93%  @`B p Zogֳgֳ ?"b`  Z& developing nonsexual relations with same sex..  @` p Z(gֳgֳ ?"`0b M87%  @`0 p Zgֳgֳ ?"`b H & feeling more [masculine, feminine]%%  @`B p Ngֳgֳ1 ?"0B  p Ngֳgֳ1 ?"b0bB  p Ngֳgֳ1 ?" 0 B  p Ngֳgֳ1 ?"00 B  p Ngֳgֳ1 ?" B  p Ngֳgֳ1 ?"`` H p 0޽h ? O'P(3ey___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +Y 0 `Xl(  l^ l S  ?0.   R l NЛfR3fR3  K   HCounseling Christian Homosexuals Melvin W. Wong, Ph.D. This is a presentation for immediate to advance level of mental health professionals and interested individuals. The basic concepts of pro-gay theology and ego-syntonic will not be included in the discussion, rather the assumption is that Christians who struggles with unwanted same-sex attractions. Basic understanding of Same-sex attraction, its theoretical origin and developmental manifestations will be introduced. Gender-Identity formation, sexual abuse and enmeshment will be included as foundational understandings. Trauma and shame-based compulsive cycles will be discussed to introduce the concept of how sex and the various manifestations of sex can be conceptualized as an addiction in the gay scene. Specific counseling techniques will not be included, instead the basic recovery segments will be discussed. Issues such as the gender of the counselor, over-adulation and devaluation, and stages of the recovery will be explained. Finally, the realistic expectations of counseling will be used to conclude this presentation.6:ZZ"% fH l 0޽h ? ̙33= 0 T(  T^ TS     Tc $ @   S The next group of slides, on various indicators, contrasts BEFORE, with AFTER. First, mean sexual attraction scores for males and females. Remember, 100 is exclusively same sex, and 0 is exclusively opposite sex, BEFORE and AFTER. Both males and females, on average, BEFORE, are in the very high homosexual range. AFTER, on average, they are in the high heterosexual range, even more so for the females. Here, as in most of the remaining slides, note that the females often BEFORE are similar or less extreme on homosexual indicators, and AFTER are always more heterosexual than the males.TT H T 0޽h ? a( 0 ~\(  \^ \S    x \c $ @    How many reported sexual attraction as exclusively homosexual before? Almost half in males and females. AFTER, 17% of the men, and considerably more of the females, 55%, report a score of 0, exclusively heterosexual. H \ 0޽h ? a( 0 |d(  d^ dS    v dc $ @   p 56 subjects had regular heterosexual sex both BEFORE and AFTER, in almost all cases with the same person, their spouse. We looked at three variables. Satisfying emotional relationship (7+ on the 1 bad as it can be, -10 good as it can be scale) which went from 25% to 98%, Sex physically satisfying (7+ on the 1-10 scale) which went from 43 to 100%. Finally, often (20+%) during sex think of same sex, which went from 52 to 6%. These AFTER values are very similar to the values for these three variables on the 81 subjects having regular heterosexual sex AFTER but who had not had regular heterosexual sex BEFORE. ~yP70" F2 " 20" F2Py   H d 0޽h ? a( 0 ~l(  l^ lS    x lc $ @   Depression has been reported to be a common side effect of attempts to change sexual orientation. This certainly was not the case for our subjects, who were often  markedly or  extremely depressed BEFORE, and rarely so depressed AFTER. H l 0޽h ? a( 0 H@t(  t^ tS    : tc $ @   | During the pilot study we noted the common ways that subjects reported they had been helped by the change effort. This shows how often subjects reported these ways of being helped when asked close ended questions during the study. & feeling more [masculine, feminine] & developing nonsexual relations with same sex?? TH t 0޽h ? a( 0 g(  ^ S     c $t @   ]- This is a more accurate title for my talk. .. 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Dw Oh+'03 hp4 P\ |  CSeparation-Individuation: Psychological Understanding of SexualityMelvin Wong, Ph.D.aSC:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\Presentation Designs\Blue Diagonal.potMelvin Wong, Ph.D.c113Microsoft PowerPointoso@ď<@{3n@0XG1g  @  N--- @ !N-- -- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N-- -- @ !N --"-- @ !N --%-- @ !N --'-- @ !N --)-- @ !N--,-- @ !N--.-- @ !N--0-- @ !N--2-- @ !N--5-- @ !N--8-- @ !N--;-- @ !N--=-- @ !N--?-- @ !N--A-- @ !N --C-- @ !N!--E-- @ !N#--H-- @ !N%--J-- @ !N'--L-- @ !N(--N-- @ !N)--P-- @ !N+--R-- @ !N,--T-- @ !N.--W-- @ !N0--Y-- @ !N2--[-- @ !N3--]-- @ !N5--`-- @ !N7--b-- @ !N8--e-- @ !N:--g-- @ !N<--j-- @ !N>--l-- @ !N@--o-- @ !NB--r-- @ !ND--t-- @ !NE--v-- @ !NG--y-- @ !NI--|-- @ !NK---- @ !NM---- @ !NO---- @ !NP---- @ !NR---- @ !NS---- @ !NU---- @ !NW---- @ !NY---- @ !N[---- @ !N]---- @ !N^---- @ !N`---- @ !Na---- @ !Nc---- @ !Ne---- @ !Ng---- @ !Ni---- @ !Nk---- @ !Nl---- @ !Nn---- @ !Np---- @ !Nr---- @ !Nt---- @ !Nv---- @ !Nw---- @ !Ny---- @ !N{---- @ !N}---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ !N---- @ ! N---- @ !N---- @ ! N---'@Times New Roman-. 2 .C1. ."Systemhi-Aз-. (2 .QPʬOѥͧΫѡH.-@Times New Roman-. $2 B3Is Homosexuality in     .-@Times New Roman-.  2 B-.-@Times New Roman-. 2 Bborn? .-@Times New Roman-. %2 UKMyths versus Reality      .-@Times New Roman-. 2 i"Robert Spitzer   .-Aз-. 2 iʶɦVܪլd.-@Times New Roman-. @2 qo&Copyright Melvin W. Wong, Ph.D. 1996.-@Times New Roman-.  2 q-.-@Times New Roman-.  2 q2003.-@Times New Roman-. 2 ]Melvin W. Wong, .-@Times New Roman-. 2 Ph.D. .-@Times New Roman-. 62 kLicensed Clinical Psychologist .-@Times New Roman-. '2 KChristianMentalHealth     .-@Times New Roman-.  2 .com.-@Times New Roman-. 72 4 220 Montgomery St., Suite 1098, .-@Times New Roman-. 2 San FranciscoV.-@Times New Roman-. 2 , CA 94104.-@Times New Roman-. 2 5 Tel (510) 794.-@Times New Roman-.  2 {-.-@Times New Roman-. *2 8898 Fax (510) 475.-@Times New Roman-.  2 -.-@Times New Roman-.  2 1473.-Wong, Ph.D.՜.+,0`    On-screen Showfn-sefA Times New Roman 標楷體Arial 新細明體Default DesignMicrosoft Graph 2000 ChartC1. 同性戀是天生抑或後天? Is Homosexuality in-born? Myths versus Reality  Robert Spitzer 性傾向改變的調查 Copyright © Melvin W. Wong, Ph.D. 1996-2003%Studies prove: homosexuals are born?“Gay Gene” Research D. H. Hamer et al, “A Linkage Between DNA Markers on the X-chromosome & Male Sexual Orientation,” Science (1993), 261, np. 5119, pp.321-27Q“The Personality of Genes” J. Madeleine Nash, Time, April 27, 1998 p. 60-61 Brain Dissection Studies: Dr. Simon LeVay LeVay, S., " A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual & Homosexual Men," Science, 253:1034-1037, 1991“Twin Study” Bailey, J. M. & Pillard, R. C., "A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation." Archives of General Psychiatry, 48:1089-1096, 1991RSexual Orientation & Identical Twins Tim Wilkins, The Cross Examiner, March 1998 +Problems: Genetic Studies on Homosexuality`200 Subjects Who Claim to Have Changed Their Sexual Orientation from Homosexual to Heterosexual@Sexual Attraction Scale Mean (100 = same sex, 0 = opposite sex)>Exclusively Homosexual BEFORE Exclusively Heterosexual AFTERZThree Variables in the 56 Subjects Having Regular Heterosexual Sex Both BEFORE and AFTER9“Markedly” or “Extremely” Bothered by Depression+Change effort was “Very Helpful” in…  Fonts UsedDesign TemplateEmbedded OLE Servers Slide Titles*_dMelvin Wong, Ph.D.Melvin Wong, Ph.D.  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz{|}~Root EntrydO)b'Y@Pictures5Current UserVSummaryInformation(y3PowerPoint Document( eDocumentSummaryInformation8)>( [  o Chart MSGraph.Chart.804Microsoft Graph 2000 Chartp Chart MSGraph.Chart.804Microsoft Graph 2000 Chartq Chart MSGraph.Chart.804Microsoft Graph 2000 Chartr Chart MSGraph.Chart.804Microsoft Graph 2000 Chart/ 00DTimes New Roman<$0<z[ 04DjwiԚs New Roman<$0<z[ 04A DArialNew Roman<$0<z[ 04"0De0}fԚNew Roman<$0<z[ 04@ .  @n?" dd@  @@``   kW  ""$X'Y &['\( ])^*_%Z$$$$$"$ѬiWR$"$QUC90%1`.:p"$ZsS ]~ $"$XPX.N AA1? 3f@*FlO ʚ;Sk8ʚ;g4TdTdTz[ 0ppp@ <4dd 0L <4dddd 0L  <4`d`d< 0g4ndndTz[ 0Up@ pp80___PPT10 pp? %O =*YC1. T'`b/f)Yubb_)Y Is Homosexuality in-born? Myths versus Reality 0Robert Spitzer '`PT9evg Copyright Melvin W. Wong, Ph.D. 1996-2003zP aa/`` a `, R  0     ,Melvin W. Wong, Ph.D. Licensed Clinical Psychologist ChristianMentalHealth.com 220 Montgomery St., Suite 1098, San Francisco, CA 94104 Tel (510) 794-8898 Fax (510) 475-1473F,< $(   ,$Studies prove: homosexuals are born?%%'n There is no evidence at present to substantiate a biological theory& The appeal of current biological explanations for sexual orientation may derive more from a dissatisfaction with the present status of psychosocial explanations than from a substantiating body of experimental data. William Byne & Bruce Parsons, Human Sexual Orientation: The Biologic Theories Reappraised, Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol 50, March 1993, pp 228-239$$P"!*+!&"+; < Gay Gene Research D. H. Hamer et al,  A Linkage Between DNA Markers on the X-chromosome & Male Sexual Orientation, Science (1993), 261, np. 5119, pp.321-278b" Research Points Toward a Gay Gene, Wall Street Journal, 16, July 1993 A geneticist was quoted,  the gene& may be involved in something other than sexual behavior. For example, it may be that the supposed gene is  associated with homosexuality, rather than a  cause of it. New York Times  Report Suggests homosexuality is Linked to Genes, noted that other researchers warned against over-interpreting the work,  or taking it to mean anything as simplistic as that he  gay gene had been found. HPZZ%""" The Personality of Genes J. Madeleine Nash, Time, April 27, 1998 p. 60-61 DM0 Unlike the genes that are responsible for physical traits, Hamer emphasizes, these genes do not cause people to become homosexuals,  Still, as critics emphasize & Hamer himself acknowledges, genes alone do not control the chemistry of the brain. Ultimately, it is the environment that determines how these genes will express themselves.  Indeed, while Hamer has maintained a professional distance from his studies, it is impossible to believe he is not also driven by a desire for self-discovery. (He turned 40,  bored )  He has tried to stop smoking & failed, he confesses, dozens of times.  If I quit, he says,  it will be an exercise of character. and not, it goes without saying, of his genes. 2ZTBrain Dissection Studies: Dr. Simon LeVay LeVay, S., " A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual & Homosexual Men," Science, 253:1034-1037, 1991:*"\Neurobiologist & homosexual activist, he studied 41 cadavers He focused on a tiny region of the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that regulates body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate & hormone production. It is also "the chief coordinator of instinct & drives," including sex drive. INAH-3 (the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypo-thalamus), no bigger than a grain of sand. Speculating that the INAH-3 controls sexual orientation, he compared the brains of 19 homosexuals with those of 16 "presumed heterosexual men" & 6 "presumed heterosexual" women INAH-3 region in females & homosexuals tended to be only half the size of that in heterosexualsZ Twin Study Bailey, J. M. & Pillard, R. C., "A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation." Archives of General Psychiatry, 48:1089-1096, 19918N9Professors at North-Western & Boston Universities Recruited 161 bisexual or homosexual men with at least one male sibling & then interviewed them to see how many brothers were also homosexual Found 52% of identical twins were both homosexuals, compared with only 22% of fraternal twins & 11% of adoptive brothers.:Z1QSexual Orientation & Identical Twins Tim Wilkins, The Cross Examiner, March 1998 :R%' Questionable subject recruitment method: ad in homosexual magazines; concordant (both homosexual) twins respond more than discordant (1 homosexual, other not) twins. Alleged claim: Non-responding twin was homosexual. Same-sex Twin Sexual Experimentation: King & McDonald  Homosexuals Who are Twins: A study of 46 Probands British Journal of Psychiatry, 1992. 1/5 same-sex twins had sex with one another. Same room, same bed. 100% Genetic Similarity = 100% Incidence Rate: Identical twins share identical genetic material, when 1 twin is homosexual, the other twin should always be homosexualHQC*Problems: Genetic Studies on Homosexuality++ Too Small Sample Size Biased Subject Selection (Randomization problem) Lack of a Control Group Correlation does not mean causation Flawed comparison of disparate features Exaggeration of findings Ideologically influenced designs & reporting Statistically significant correlation not  Cause Unable to Replicate Findings in other studies pP2P/P1}-2-_200 Subjects Who Claim to Have Changed Their Sexual Orientation from Homosexual to Heterosexual``(Robert L. Spitzer, M.D. Chief, Biometrics Research and Professor of Psychiatry, Columbia University 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 60, NYS Psychiatric Institute New York, NY 10032 (Presented at the APA: American Psychiatric Association Meeting: May 9, 2001, New Orleans, U.S.A.)TLc9ccc c?Sexual Attraction Scale Mean (100 = same sex, 0 = opposite sex) @#(=Exclusively Homosexual BEFORE Exclusively Heterosexual AFTER>>(YThree Variables in the 56 Subjects Having Regular Heterosexual Sex Both BEFORE and AFTERZZ` Markedly or  Extremely Bothered by Depression11HChange effort was  Very Helpful in& %%/-456789Pr? 1w   ՜.+,0`    On-screen Showfn-sefA Times New Roman 標楷體Arial 新細明體Default DesignMicrosoft Graph 2000 ChartC1. 同性戀是天生抑或後天? Is Homosexuality in-born? Myths versus Reality  Robert Spitzer 性傾向改變的調查 Copyright © Melvin W. Wong, Ph.D. 1996-2003%Studies prove: homosexuals are born?“Gay Gene” Research D. H. Hamer et al, “A Linkage Between DNA Markers on the X-chromosome & Male Sexual Orientation,” Science (1993), 261, np. 5119, pp.321-27Q“The Personality of Genes” J. Madeleine Nash, Time, April 27, 1998 p. 60-61 Brain Dissection Studies: Dr. Simon LeVay LeVay, S., " A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between Heterosexual & Homosexual Men," Science, 253:1034-1037, 1991“Twin Study” Bailey, J. M. & Pillard, R. C., "A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation." Archives of General Psychiatry, 48:1089-1096, 1991RSexual Orientation & Identical Twins Tim Wilkins, The Cross Examiner, March 1998 +Problems: Genetic Studies on Homosexuality`200 Subjects Who Claim to Have Changed Their Sexual Orientation from Homosexual to Heterosexual@Sexual Attraction Scale Mean (100 = same sex, 0 = opposite sex)>Exclusively Homosexual BEFORE Exclusively Heterosexual AFTERZThree Variables in the 56 Subjects Having Regular Heterosexual Sex Both BEFORE and AFTER9“Markedly” or “Extremely” Bothered by Depression+Change effort was “Very Helpful” in…  Fonts UsedDesign TemplateEmbedded OLE Servers Slide Titles*_AdMelvin Wong, Ph.D.Melvin